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Diesel engines built after January 1, 2010 are required to meet even more stringent emissions requirements. The good news is that the amount of pollution produced by these engines will be almost non-existent; the bad news is that trucks are going to get more expensive - again. The following paragraphs will give you a quick overview of the two technologies that engine manufacturers have elected to use in order to meet the EPA's requirements.
The basics of SCR & EGR -
SCR stands for Selective Catalytic Reduction. Engines with SCR technology will use Diesel Exhaust Fluid to reduce the emissions. DEF is an organic, non-toxic compound made of 67.5% de-ionized water and 32.5% Urea. The DEF solution is injected into the exhaust and passes through a catalyst where the pollutants (Nitrogen Oxide and Particulates) are converted into Nitrogen and Water vapor. The typical medium duty truck will require a 6 gallon DEF tank. DEF will be available through most vehicle dealers, distributors and major truck stops at an estimated cost of $2.75/gallon when pumped in bulk. Estimates are that 2.5 gallons of DEF will last for approximately 800 miles of travel.1
Most engine manufacturers for medium duty trucks have adopted SCR technology, with the exception of International Truck and Engine Corporation, which has elected to use Advanced EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). All engines have used some form of EGR for years. International has improved upon conventional methods, and has coined their evolution of the technology "MaxxForce Advanced EGR". Four basic steps work together to reduce emissions.
1 - The fuel is injected into the cylinder under higher pressure.
2 - The fuel is broken up into a finer mist by a redesigned piston bowl combined with the higher injection pressure.
3 - After combustion, a dual-stage turbo and an EGR cooler more efficiently manage the EGR process.
4 - Increasing computing power in the ECM constantly adjusts the process to achieve maximum power and optimum burn in the cylinder for cleaner emissions with every stroke.2
What does SCR and EGR mean for the price of trucks?
The exact price increase from today's trucks to tomorrow's trucks will vary slightly by chassis brand, but the estimated price increases for the Emissions Systems are outlined below:
SCR:
Advanced EGR:
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